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The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest court in the federal judiciary and is composed of nine justices, including one Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices. Here’s a breakdown of its structure and primary functions:

Structure:

1. Total Justices: 9
   • Chief Justice: The head of the Supreme Court, responsible for presiding over court sessions and managing the court's administration.
   • Associate Justices: Eight justices who serve alongside the Chief Justice.

Primary Functions:

1. Judicial Review: The Supreme Court has the power to review laws and executive actions to determine their constitutionality. This is a key function that allows the Court to invalidate laws that conflict with the Constitution.

2. Interpreting Federal Law: The Court interprets federal laws and resolves disputes regarding their meaning and application.

3. Resolving State Disputes: The Supreme Court can hear cases that involve disputes between states or between a state and the federal government.

4. Hearing Appeals: The Court primarily hears cases on appeal from lower federal courts and state supreme courts. It selects cases that typically involve significant constitutional questions or important legal principles.

5. Setting Precedent: Decisions made by the Supreme Court set legal precedents that lower courts must follow, shaping the interpretation of laws and the Constitution.

Appointment:

Supreme Court justices are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. They serve lifetime appointments, meaning they can remain on the Court until they choose to retire, resign, or are removed through impeachment.

The Supreme Court plays a crucial role in the American legal system, influencing a wide range of issues, including civil rights, federalism, and the balance of powers among the branches of government.