Science Fiction

Adrian Tchaikovsky’s Children of Time series is very good. It fits what you’re asking for as it explores the concepts of society and humanity.

Hugh Howey's Silo series... kinda... now also a TV show.

The Great Transition by Nick Fuller Googins

https://www.nickfg.com/the-great-transition

Takes place after climate change has destroyed much of the planet and a semi-anarchist government (think The Dispossessed) is trying to rebuild. Also somewhat focused on a WNBA team based in Greenland, interesting angle

The “We Are Legion (We Are Bob)” book(s) by Dennis E Taylor touches on the topic of rebuilding society after an apocalyptic event. It’s quite easy and fun read actually.

Station Eleven takes place over a decade after a catastrophe, and has an unusual accepting-optimistic tone to it. Since it has been so long, people mellowed out, communities are slowly rebuilding (and rediscovering technology), and although there are some weirdos, it's not the stereotypical Mad Max post-apocalypse.

The Hands Of The Emperor by Victoria Goddard focuses on the rebuilding of the (a) world after an apocalyptic type disaster. It focuses on a small handful of people and their work. It’s the first in a series (the Lays of the Hearthfire) and is a segue into a ton of Nine Worlds stories

Everything for Everyone: An Oral History of the New York Commune, 2052–2072

https://www.commonnotions.org/buy/everything-for-everyone

I read a book called Seveneves (Or maybe Seven Eves?). It's deals with apocalypse and rebuilding afterward. It's interesting at least.

Ministry for the Future by Kim Stanley Robinson might fit the kind of tone you’re going for. The whole book is about restructuring society to combat climate change, but there’s no actual apocalypse in the traditional sense. The first chapter is one of the most harrowing things I’ve ever read, which does set the scene for what’s to come and shows why the changes they make are necessary.

A great balm in tone and structure is A Psalm for the Wild-Built by Becky Chambers.

The crash hasn’t happened, but people have moved on and constructed a mostly functioning new world. The plot and climax are also appropriately sized - they are about people not an apocalypse.

I think what you're looking for is the Three Californias series by Kim Stanley Robinson.

Seveneves kind of touches on rebuilding although it skips decades and centuries. Lucifer's Hammer deals with the aftermath of a global disaster and includes some rebuilding... kind of. Alas, Babylon explores a post-nuclear world. None of them are particularly optimistic except Seveneves (in a way), but it also doesn't explore rebuilding in a lot of detail. Since you're already reading Octavia Butler, you can try Lilith's Brood, but it won't be anything like rebuilding the modern world. Asimov's Foundation series is about rebuilding at a galactic scale but I'm not sure they aged particularly well.

If you're interested in building specifically you can try Kim Stanley Robinson's Red Mars.

In addition: Children of Time might scratch the itch in a way since it's about the development of a sentient species. I think the sequel explores more building, but i haven't read it yet and the reviews are kind of mixed

You reminded me of A Canticle of Leibowitz. I enjoyed this, but it's a slow burner.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Canticle_for_Leibowitz

About The Postman. I recently picked up a book of the same name by David Brin. Sounds like the film is an adaptation of the novel.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Postman

• The Terraformers (2023) by Annalee Newitz. In lieu of a single simple reset, there is a continuous bargaining between capitalistic rentiers and enslaved residents who fight over hundreds of years throughout the final stages of a planet's terraforming. Homelessness, mass transit, wealth inequality, and racism all are running themes.
• Hieroglyph: Stories and Visions for a Better Future (2018) by Ed Finn (ed.) and Kathryn Cramer (ed.) is anthology of several science fiction authors who submitted stories with the purpose of specifically counteracting the trend at the time of (post-)apocalyptic stories anticipating a bleak future for humanity. One particularly aspirational story that persists in my memory is Girl in Wave : Wave in Girl by Kathleen Ann Goonan; it is a story about the sociopolitical impact of universal literacy, achieved thanks to the release of an inexpensive medicine that enhances human cognitive abilities, allowing anyone to overcome learning disabilities such as dyslexia. Other stories in the anthology are optimistic for other reasons, but this story comes to mind when I read your post.

this is way out there but the world of the board game Earthborne Rangers is a post-apocalyptic setting where the last effort of the old high-tech civilisation was to pour all their resources into building giant machines to re-wild the planet. when civilisation collapsed, the machines continued cleaning the water and the air, purifying the poisoned soil, planting trees and plants, breeding native animals and insects, filling mines, and so on. meanwhile, the last of humanity banded together to live in harmony with nature, getting their needs from careful stewarding rather than extraction.

it's still a dangerous post-apocalypse, because some species were irreversibly changed by the collapse, so in addition to wolf packs and horny moose you can encounter giant mutated plants or armoured eagles, or find old overgrown ruins with dangerous terrain.

even if you're not into board games, there's a beautiful art/lorebook of the world. it appears to be sold out at the moment though.

Not what you're asking for but there's a great nonfiction book called the Knowledge which is about how to rebuild after a collapse. (Mostly from a technical perspective etc but still, really interesting stuff!)

Just finished the Three Body Problem trilogy. That may be something that fits your ask

Two suggestions that fit in rather oblique ways: Canticle for Leibowitz, and Cities in Flight

The Talos Principle 2

Earth Abides by George R. Stewart comes to mind