Typography & fonts

Here's another guide describing some of the different types of fonts :)

https://www.monotype.com/resources/guide-type-styles

Some are named after specific designers who originated the style with it becoming a design trend and spawning new similar designs. (Like the Didone fonts, named after the designers for didot and bodini)

Others just originated in a particular time period where certain features were considered fashionable or typical for type designers, with many of the new fonts cropping up sharing similar characteristics (like humanist, which was sort of the modernizing evolution of "blackletter" typefaces that were the original style typically used with the printing press) Black letter is very ornate traditional caligraphy, usually with lots of contrast in line weight (some lines much thicker and other lines much thinner), and humanist typefaces are also styles after caligraphy, but much simpler and more reserved

From the linked website:

Humanist

The first Roman type was derived from calligraphy, so the shape of letterforms is based on formal writing with a flat brush or a broad nib pen. The term Humanist has traditionally been used for serif typefaces, but nowadays there is also Humanist Sans.

(Full acknowledgement I am very much a layman so take all this with a grain of salt, this is my understanding, but I hope it helps!)