With humans it's the same (cravings), you need potassium & maybe crave a banana milkshake. If you explore your craving further, eg ask yourself if you would like to drink milk or eat a banana, it might get more clear what you need (it also helps exclude carbs bcs usually we don't need them, but the self-preservation & long winters of the past usually means most humans don't have much limit on carbs, bcs why not more of them, just to be safer). It's a trained skill to some extent, especially in the modern era.

We associate nutrients with food tastes we get from our meals (which are usually a mixture of things & might even be wrong/false with ultra-processed foods).

I have no idea how this works in ancient crocks. Is it a learned (try all the foods when growing up?), observed (yo, why Silly Goose the neighbouring crock eating a jack-o'-lantern?), or "instinct" (ie only crocks that occasionally ate pumpkins survived)?
... especially given that even the current "true crocodiles" predate squash/pumpkins by 40+ million years :D.