This series is the long-term passion project of a US history teacher who’s clearly in it for love of the game. Well-researched with lots of primary quotations and archival audio.

This episode was a standout, and I learned a lot despite having some familiarity with the subject matter — hope someone else might enjoy it too :).

Practices shifted from individuals buried in coffins to reusing sites for later mummy interments.

ferrebeekeeper's blog post where he recounts myths of Hermes, especially Hermes stealing the cattle of Apollo.

A collection of hand colored fashion plates from 1780 to 1880 from British and American fashion magazines.

A letter Samuel Butler penned to the Editor of the Press, Christchurch, New Zealand, on 13 June, 1863.

It’s interesting because he talks about machines in a way that we would modern AI and robotic systems.

An odd but hilarious rabbit hole, courtesy of this French history podcast:

https://thesiecle.com/episode48/

Most notoriously, in 1831 the cartoonist Charles Philipon published an image depicting Louis-Philippe’s head as a pear. Put on trial for insulting the king, Philipon defended himself by telling the court that Louis-Philippe so resembled a pear that an “artist could quite easily have drawn the parallel unintentionally” — and then demonstrated it by drawing a four-panel caricature in which a drawing of the king’s face morphs into a pear.

Tl;dr:

• Several geographic effects of the erosion of the Appalachian range over hundreds of millions of years, like the Fall Zone, being the dividing line between the hilly, higher altitude Piedmont interior and the flat, sandy, swampy, and nutrient poor exterior.
• Hurricanes
• Malaria

• Institution: University of Toronto
• Lecturer: Timothy Snyder
• University Course Code: MUN180H1
• Subject: #authoritarianism #colonization #communism #democracy #fascism #genocide #history #holocaust #politics #soviet #worldhistory
• Year: 2026
• Description:

  The first lecture in a ten-lecture series on Hitler and Stalin today.

  The first lecture (video above) is titled “What is history?” We speak often about history, but we are careless with the past. When we choose not to know what has happened before, we are also choosing not to influence what will happen after. If we don’t care about history, we find ourselves in an eternal present, denied any sort of imagination about the future, and nurtured on lies about a past in which we were innocent. History does not mean these misleading tales; it means a search for knowledge, using a certain set of tools; it means a process that enriches and humanizes, one that allows us to name things by their proper names.

  There are two readings to go along with this lecture:

  • Tadeusz Borowski, Here in Our Auschwitz
  • The War on History is a War on Democracy

#20thcentury #democracyindanger #freecourse #historymatters #hitler #hitlerandstalintoday #massatrocities #nazi #nazigermany #neveragain #riseofauthoritarianism #sovietunion #stalin #timothysnyder #totalitarianism #universityoftoronto #uoft

cross-posted from: https://hexbear.net/post/9013913

cross-posted from: https://news.abolish.capital/post/64004

This story was originally published by Colorado Newsline.

Chase Woodruff
Colorado Newsline

The jubilant sounds of music and fireworks on the “Centennial Fourth” had barely faded away when newspaper editors and telegraph operators began spreading alarming reports of a major defeat suffered by the U.S. Army in the Montana Territory.

To the Lakota Sioux — whom the Army had declared “hostile” in early 1876 when they resisted pressure to negotiate the sale of the Black Hills, where a gold rush by white settlers was underway — the June 25 battle that led to the annihilation of Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer and more than 200 of his cavalry soldiers was known as the Battle of the Greasy Grass.

The Great Sioux War of 1876 would ultimately end in defeat for the Lakota, after the Army regrouped and launched a series of winter campaigns that scattered and drove some of them into Canada. But Custer’s defeat left a powerful impression on an American public that had assumed the Plains Indians were “no match for the army of a modern industrial nation,” writes historian Richard White in “The Republic for Which It Stands,” a history of the U.S. during Reconstruction and the Gilded Age.

“The Little Bighorn was a minor battle compared not only to the Civil War but to the losses American armies suffered against Indians in the wars of the early republic, but shocking because of its timing,” writes White. “When news of the battle came during the (Centennial) Exposition, Americans greeted it with incredulity and outrage.”

Gen. Alfred Terry’s official report of the defeat to Army headquarters was printed in the Rocky Mountain News on July 9.

“Confirmation of the Custer Catastrophe,” said the News headline. “Gen. Terry Tells the Sad Story — How No Soldier or Officer Has Been Found Alive.”

The Colorado Territory had followed the events of the war more closely than much of the rest of the country. After gold was discovered in the Black Hills in 1874, thousands of fortune-seekers had gradually left Colorado’s mountain mining camps to try their luck in the Dakotas instead.

Colorado, too, had a long history of bloody conflict with the Indian tribes who had been gradually dispossessed of their lands on both the Eastern Plains — from which the Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes had been expelled following a U.S. militia’s slaughtering of hundreds of tribespeople in the 1864 Sand Creek Massacre — and the Western Slope, much of which still belonged to the Ute people in the centennial year.

Alongside the Lakota, a handful of Cheyenne and Arapaho people had fought Custer at the Greasy Grass, including Lame White Man, a Cheyenne chief who had fled north after the Sand Creek Massacre.

John Stands In Timber, a Cheyenne tribal historian and Lame White Man’s grandson, collected oral histories from many members of the tribe, including recollections of “the Custer fight,” and published them in the 1967 book “Cheyenne Memories.” Some of those who looted and mutilated the bodies of Custer’s men in the aftermath of the battle, he wrote, had had family members killed in the Colorado massacre 12 years earlier.

“Some claimed they never touched them while others said they took things,” Stands In Timber wrote. “But those who had relatives at Sand Creek might have done plenty.”

‘Justification for conquest’

William Byers, the Rocky Mountain News editor who had endorsed a campaign of “active extermination” of Plains Indians in the months leading up to the Sand Creek Massacre, now called for another militia force of volunteers to be raised to fight the Lakota and their allies.

“If a volunteer force is authorized for the Sioux campaign, as seems now probable, the requisite number of men can be quickly raised in Colorado and neighboring states and territories,” declared the News. “To do the job up right and finish it for all time, there ought to be about ten regiments of frontier volunteers called into the field.”

No such step would be taken by the Army, and most Lakota bands surrendered by the following spring, leading to the formal annexation of the Black Hills in 1877. Just over a century later, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians that the tribe had not been compensated for the seizure, issuing an award — which the nation has refused to accept — that now totals over $1.5 billion.

Historians today generally agree that there’s little evidence that a valiant “Last Stand” was fought by Custer and his troops, who in fact made a chaotic retreat from a much larger force of Lakota, Cheyenne and Arapaho soldiers. But the defeat quickly attained the status of American myth, anyway.

That was due in large part to William Frederick “Buffalo Bill” Cody, whose long-running Wild West Show would feature sensationalized reenactments of the battle — sometimes by Plains Indians performers who had been combatants at the real thing — before Cody’s death in Denver in 1917.

“Why celebrate defeat, particularly catastrophic defeat, at the hands of what by any measure was a weaker foe?” asks White. “The answer was that such defeats provided justification for conquest.”

“An invasion of Lakota lands became the noble defense of outnumbered white men against savage warriors,” he continues. “Americans, by this logic, did not invade Indian lands; they simply defended themselves against ruthless enemies. Their ultimate victory was not the work of invasion, conquest, and empire. It was the product of self-defense.”

Selected sources:

• The Rocky Mountain News, July 9, 1876
• White, Richard. “The Republic For Which It Stands: The United States During Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, 1865-1896”
• Stands In Timber, John. “Cheyenne Memories”

The post How the Colorado Territory in 1876 reacted to reports of the Battle of the Little Bighorn appeared first on ICT.

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Thousands of forgotten news reports are reshaping our understanding of Aurangzeb and the Mughal world.

While Europe was inventing newspapers, Mughal India had its own news network.

From the late 16th Century, armies of scribes, agents and secretaries compiled akhbarat - brief news reports on court intrigue, military campaigns, appointments, finances and gossip.

Written in Persian on brittle paper in hurried hands, they formed the Mughal empire's information network: part intelligence brief, part official circular, part news bulletin.