Hmmm. If this is a userspace kernel it can probably be used to sandbox apps similar to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GVisor .
moonpiedumplings
The simplest solution is probably nested VM's. Just run Libvirt/Virt-Manager, or even nested proxmox for them to be able to snapshot and restore the instance.
It's not, but it doesn't look like they need hardcore censorship resistance if they are able to host and use headscale. It looks like their main problem is internet outages.
I have been in environmenrs where any usage of wireguard is automatically fingerprinted and blocked.
I'm pro reposts, I hadn't seen two of those articles you have mentioned in the post.
Xkcd 10000
This is basically what Iroh is.
But it's built on QUIC instead of TURN/WebRTC.
What is the purpose of a VPN?
To obscure the traffic of your whole machine?
To obscure 99% of the traffic on your machine since it's from your browser?
To bypass censorship for a website or two?
Yes. Firefox got vertical tabs and tab groups both very close to eachother, very recently.
It's actually pretty damn good in terms of privacy. It's Mozilla VPN, which is white labelled and resold Mullvad (but at the same price).
Mullvad is a no logs provider with a good track record.
Unfortunately,: https://korben.info/en/mullvad-cofounder-funding-far-right.html
I typically avoid VPN's, becuaee in my opinion DNS over TLS/HTTPs + HTTPS are enough for my privacy/security needs, but I will happily use the free VPN every once in a while to get around a firewall or test if a website is universally down. I find it very useful, and am happy that firefox has added. And although I'm not entirely pleased given recent relevations about Mullvad, I'm happy to see that Mozilla is attempting to make money by offering privacy, rather than taking it away.
PWA's in firefox are interesting. They are actually really well supported, just not visually/in the UX.
For example, if you visit https://wavemakercards.com/ or https://www.photopea.com/ once, they will then work offline. This is a big oart of the PWA featureset.
It's because of this that there are unofficial extensions that let you "install" PWA's like you can om chromium.
My personal theory, is that firefox is in the middle of very long UI rewrite/refactor, and only when it's completed or nears completion, will we see features like vertical tabs, tab groups, or these other UI features people have been asking for for a while but have never gotten added.

Sovereign OS is pointed out to be source available only in the comments.
GrapheneOS replies to many of the addressed points, and notes that SovereignOS is actually really just a fork that seems to charge for some bs features and preinstalled apps.