Selfhosted

My rule for older hardware, before trusting the ZFS fault reporting, I would follow the following steps.

(Note these are homelabber steps and not what I would do in the enterprise, where risk and time is a lot more expensive than replacing hardware)

0. Check the Smart data of the drive. If it reports the drive as faulty, replace it.

1. Zpool clear the error and see if it comes back. Sometimes drive errors are not cause by the drive itself

2. Reseat the drive and the cables between the motherboard and the drive. Clear errors after this step. Especially with older hardware and it having travelled from its previous owner to you, something might not be seated properly.

3. Move the drive to another drive bay, or swap it with another drive. If the errors move with the drive, the drive is faulty. If the errors move to the bay, you probably have a good drive, but a faulty drive bay/cable.

In addition to other advice, with only hardware, have 1 cold spare drive for every 2 years of remaining life of the hardware. It gets difficult to find similar spec drives the older they get. So if you want to use the drives in the NAS for another 4 years, get 2 spares. After that you start getting into the territory of replacing the drives anyway.

I had similar problems with a single Drive in a new TrueNAS setup. The Drive would come up healthy after most reboots but after some reboots it was unhealthy. For me S.M.A.R.T data die not indicate and errors. I reboot the Maschine often because it is a backup system that only runs during backups.

Swapping drives (with a known gold drive) did not resolve it. The error was always at the same Drivebay.

For me thepProblem was the y-split SATA power cable I used. After replacing it the system is working without a problem since.

An extra perspective, hard drive prices are mostly expected to get even worse next year.

It may hold on for months to years but all drives will likely die eventually and this one is giving you a warning, I'd replace it now and save some money if you can afford it.

Does this drive not have SMART values? Could be a loose cable for all we know (UDMA CRC errors).

zpool has very reasonable thresholds for disk failure being enough to kick it from the pool. I've seen pool members have a batch of bad blocks and ZFS still chugged along for a few years just avoiding those blocks before the disk finally failed.

Heed truenas here, replace the disk if you can.

Not necessarily. I would shut the system down completely and check the drive connectors. If it's on a backplane, try swapping slots, or if it's breakout connector, swap it with another drive (and clear the zpool errors). If the errors start happening on the other drive, it's a cable problem. If they continue on the same drive, it's a drive problem. If they stop happening, it was a bad connection and it ought to be fine now.

That's kind of a short output from smartctl -a, though. Shouldn't it include the attribute data? I'd run a smart test (after doing the swap above) and see what it says.

On a raidz2, I wouldn't be too concerned about losing a drive, but you should always be prepared to order a replacement if you value your data.

42441.67 powered on hours is really young for drive death, I normally don't start seeing issues till 50k.

Is it making any audible sounds while running?

I haven't read the smart data for Seagate in a while but the errors numbers look off and would like to see more details. Haveing errors in itself doesn't mean much. Normally I look for Reallocated Sector Count, Seek Error Rate, and Uncorrectable Sector Count. But here it's not telling the details like the types of errors.

Maybe try sudo smartctl -all /dev/sdd not sure if the -a you used is being interpreteded correctly?

Buy two replacements

Just RMA it now. If it has SMART failures, you can provide the codes and they'll replace it no problem.