Archaeology
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About
Archaeology or archeology[a] is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscapes.
Archaeology has various goals, which range from understanding culture history to reconstructing past lifeways to documenting and explaining changes in human societies through time.
The discipline involves surveying, excavation, and eventually analysis of data collected, to learn more about the past. In broad scope, archaeology relies on cross-disciplinary research. Read more...
Rules
- Don't throw mud. Be kind and remember the human.
- Keep it rooted (on topic).
- No spam.
- No pseudoscience/pseudoarchaeology.

Links
Archaeology 101:
Get Involved:
University and Field Work:
- Archaeological Fieldwork Opportunities Bulletin
- University Archaeology (UK)
- Black Trowel Collective Microgrants for Students
Jobs and Career:
Professional Organisations:
- Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (UK)
- BAJR (UK)
- Association for Environmental Archaeology
- Archaeology Scotland
- Historic England
FOSS Tools:
- Diamond Open Access in Archaeology
- Tools for Quantitative Archaeology – in R
- Open Archaeo: A list of open source archaeological tools and software.
- The Open Digital Archaeology Textbook
Datasets:
Fun:
Other Resources:

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Garbage clickbait headline 😮💨.
"Some time before sapiens seems to have expanded into this particular area" is not at all the same as "long before humans existed".
Neanderthals are literally our ancestors, they have everything we think of as human.
There was a now debunked idea that symbolic thought emerged in europe ~40kya. The explosion of symbolic art we see then is in part because of preservation factors and how well studied europe is.
It's fairly well established that non-sapiens humans were capable of symbolic thought. No one is surprised that neanderthals made cool art.
Arguably every species in the Homo genus has "everything we think of as human," because otherwise they'd be in Australopithecus or Paranthropus instead.
Anatomically, for sure, but cognitively and behaviourally it's harder to prove.
For example did early homo have grammar? Many think the expansion of erectus, esp. over water, implies complex language but that's hardly certain and there's a lot of homo before erectus.
There must be a no homo joke in there somewhere.
I'll see myself out.
I'm just sayin', if they're not like us they don't belong in the "like us" genus.
Neanderthals are not our ancestors, they were a different branch from a common ancestor. Kind of like modern day Bonobos and Chimpansees.
All humans alive today carry neanderthal dna, meaning we all have neanderthal ancestors.
I believe the current understanding is that sapiens and neanderthals were like lions and tigers - we are able to produce viable offspring, but not always and maybe only with a neanderthal father, not mother.
We are a different branch from a common ancestor but they are also our ancestors.