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Thyroid cancers Papillary: Up to 80% of all thyroid cancers are papillary. This cancer type grows slowly. Although papillary thyroid cancer often spreads to lymph nodes in neck, the disease responds very well to treatment. Papillary thyroid cancer is highly curable and rarely fatal.

Follicular: Follicular thyroid cancer accounts for up to 15% of thyroid cancer diagnoses. This cancer is more likely to spread to bones and organs, so can be harder to treat.

Medullary: About 2% of thyroid cancers are medullary. A quarter of people with medullary thyroid cancer have a family history of the disease. A faulty gene (genetic mutation) may be to blame.

Question, what is a risk factor for Papillary cancer? @[email protected] @[email protected]

What is the name of this fracture @[email protected] @[email protected]

A gastrointestinal stromal tumor, also called a GIST, is a type of cancer that begins in the digestive system. GISTs happen most often in the stomach and small intestine.

A GIST is a growth of cells that's thought to form from nerve cells in the walls of the digestive organs. The nerve cells play a part in the process that moves food through the body. Small GISTs may cause no symptoms. And GISTs may grow so slowly that they don't cause problems at first. As a GIST grows, it can cause symptoms that may include belly pain and nausea.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor symptoms include:

A growth in the belly area. Belly pain. Fatigue. Nausea and vomiting. Not feeling hungry when you would expect to. Feeling full if you eat only a small amount of food. Dark-colored stools caused by bleeding in the digestive system.

Which DIY or Trade areas interest you most ? Then that gives a clue to your ideal specialty :)

Urologist = Plumber (Both deal with pipes and flow, just in different systems!)

General Surgeon = Handyman (They’ve got a little bit of everything — no task too big or small.)

Orthopedic Surgeon = Carpenter (They fix bones and joints, much like carpenters fixing beams and structures.)

Vascular Surgeon = Guttering and Pipe worker

Neurosurgeon = Electrician (They work with the nervous system like electricians handle wiring—getting everything to connect properly.)

Plastic Surgeon = Mason (Shape and sculpting, whether it's the face or bricks.)

Ophthalmologist = Glazier

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A 35-year-old male presents with a bite wound on his hand from a fight. The wound is swollen, red, and tender. What is the most common organism responsible for infection in human bite wounds?

A. Eikenella corrodens. B. Streptococcus pyogenes. C. Staphylococcus aureus. D. Pasteurella multocida. E. Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

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Question: A 45-year-old man is admitted with severe vomiting for the past 24 hours. His arterial blood gas (ABG) results are as follows:

pH: 7.52

PaCO₂: 6.4 kPa

HCO₃⁻: 38 mmol/L

What is the most likely acid-base disturbance?

A) Metabolic acidosis B) Metabolic alkalosis C) Respiratory acidosis D) Respiratory alkalosis E) Mixed metabolic and respiratory

A 14 year-old boy presents with a slowly enlarging painful mass in his right leg associated with low grade fever and weight loss. Imaging confirms an osteolytic lesion involving the medullary cavity of the diaphysis of the fibula, associated with a soft tissue mass. An onion skin periosteal reaction is seen. Molecular studies confirm an 11:22 chromosome translocation. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Chondroblastoma Eosinophilic granuloma Ewing sarcoma Osteosarcoma Primary bone lymphoma

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A 62 year-old woman is found to have a large, vascular intracranial meningioma supplied exclusively by a grossly hypertrophied middle meningeal artery. Which of the following skull base foramina is most likely enlarged?

Foramen lacerum Foramen magnum Foramen oval Foramen rotundum Foramen spinosum

Most important structure for the cough reflex? @[email protected]

Oropharynx, Larynx, Carina, Bronchi,

┌∩┐(◣_◢)┌∩┐ Am I reduced to ASCii art in interim, which doesnt work very well? :) It seems theres a restriction on posting images for first month of account, is there a way to get that lifted?

Question, of these 6 Heart conditions that can affect babies, which is most prevalent?

1. Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) The ductus arteriosus is a blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta, allowing blood to bypass the lungs during fetal development. Normally, it closes after birth, but in PDA, it remains open (patent), leading to abnormal blood flow.
2. Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) Description: A VSD is a hole in the wall (septum) between the two lower chambers of the heart (ventricles). This allows blood to flow from the left ventricle (which has oxygenated blood) to the right ventricle (which has deoxygenated blood), disrupting normal circulation.
3. Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA) Description: In TGA, the positions of the two main arteries leaving the heart (the aorta and the pulmonary artery) are switched. This means that oxygen-poor blood is pumped into the body, while oxygen-rich blood circulates back to the lungs.
4. Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) Description: An ASD is a hole in the wall (septum) between the two upper chambers of the heart (atria). Blood can flow from the left atrium to the right atrium, potentially causing right-sided heart enlargement and pulmonary hypertension if not treated.
5. Coarctation of the Aorta Description: Coarctation of the aorta is a narrowing of the aorta, which obstructs blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body.
6. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) Description: TOF is a combination of four heart defects: a VSD, pulmonary stenosis (narrowing of the pulmonary valve), right ventricular hypertrophy (enlargement), and an overriding aorta (which sits over the VSD).

Bamboo spine is the name given to this image on xray @[email protected]