The connection column indicates the connection used. USB FS stands for the usb full speed protocol, which allows up to 1000Hz polling, a feature commonly advertised by high-end keyboards. USB is the usb low speed protocol, which is the protocol most keyboards use.
USB Low Speed allows 1kHz polling too. I don't think you gain anything at all from High Speed. Keyboards probably only use it incidentally because the chip they are using happens to support it anyway.
Is there any language that can do that? As far as I know there isn't. You can use SWIG or whatever but it's just as awful as any Rust/C++ interop. There's Carbon, but that's a work in progress.
IMO if you need integration with a deep C++ OOP hierarchy your options are a) give up and just use C++, or b) pain, no matter what language you target.