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12
[Solved] How do I debug network issues, regarding caddy in podman? (sh.itjust.works)
submitted 2 weeks ago* (last edited 2 weeks ago) by [email protected] to c/[email protected]
11 comments fedilink hide all child comments
 

Disclaimer: I am running personal website on cloud, since it feels iffy to expose local IP to internet. Sorry for posting this on selfhosting, I don't know anywhere else to ask.

I am planning to multiplex forgejo, nextcloud and other services on port 80 using caddy. This is not working, and I am having issues diagnosing which side is preventing access. One thing I know: it's not DNS, since dig <my domain> works well. I would like some pointers for what to do in this circumstances. Thanks in advance!

What I have looked into:

  • curling localhost from the server works well, caddy returns a simple result.
  • curl <my domain> times out, currently trying to inspect packets - it seems like server receives TCP without HTTP.
  • curl <my domain>:3000 displays forgejo page, as forgejo exposes at 3000 in its container, which podman routes to host 3000.

EDIT: my Caddyfile is as follows.

:80 {
    respond "Hello World!"
}

http://<my domain> {
    respond "This should respond"
}

http://<my domain 2> {
    reverse_proxy localhost:3000
}

EDIT2: I just tested with netcat webserver, it responds fine. This narrows it down to caddy itself!

EDIT3: (Partially) solved, it was firewall routing issue. I should have checked ufw logs. Turns out, podman needs to be allowed to route stuffs. Now to figure out how to reverse-proxy properly.

EDIT4: Solved, created my own internal network between containers, besides the usual one connecting to the internet. Set up reverse-proxy to correctly connect to the container. My only concern left is if I made firewall way permissive in the process. Current settings:

Status: active

To                         Action      From
--                         ------      ----
22/tcp                     ALLOW       Anywhere                  
3000/tcp                   ALLOW       Anywhere                  
222/tcp                    ALLOW       Anywhere                  
8080/tcp                   ALLOW       Anywhere                  
80/tcp                     ALLOW       Anywhere                  
8443/tcp                   ALLOW       Anywhere                  
Anywhere on podman1        ALLOW       Anywhere                  
22/tcp (v6)                ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)             
3000/tcp (v6)              ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)             
222/tcp (v6)               ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)             
8080/tcp (v6)              ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)             
80/tcp (v6)                ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)             
8443/tcp (v6)              ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)             
Anywhere (v6) on podman1   ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)             

Anywhere on podman1        ALLOW FWD   Anywhere on ens3          
Anywhere on podman0        ALLOW FWD   Anywhere on ens3          
Anywhere (v6) on podman1   ALLOW FWD   Anywhere (v6) on ens3     
Anywhere (v6) on podman0   ALLOW FWD   Anywhere (v6) on ens3

podman0 is the default podman network, and podman1 is the internal network.

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[–] [email protected] 2 points 2 weeks ago (1 children)

Are these running on the same server? You haven't given a lot of information here. Communication between containers is different:

https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/8/html/building_running_and_managing_containers/assembly_communicating-among-containers_building-running-and-managing-containers#proc_communicating-between-a-container-and-an-application_assembly_communicating-among-containers

[–] [email protected] 1 points 2 weeks ago (1 children)

Yes, they are running on the same server. I am hoping to communicate through host network, maybe that's not working well

[–] [email protected] 1 points 2 weeks ago* (last edited 2 weeks ago)

Inter-container communication is different. At least with docker which I have more experience with, but they're similar. Try using the name of your container in your proxy config rather than the external host name.

[–] [email protected] 2 points 2 weeks ago

It is good you have solved you initial issue. However, as you say, your rules are too permissive. You should not publish ports from containers to the host. Your container ports should only be accessible over reverse-proxy network. Said otherwise :3000 should not resolve to anything.

This can be simply acheive by not publishing any port on your service containers.

Here is an example of my VPS:

Exposed ports:

$ ss -ntlp
State                Recv-Q               Send-Q                             Local Address:Port                             Peer Address:Port              Process                                                  
LISTEN               0                    128                                      0.0.0.0:22                                    0.0.0.0:*                  users:(("sshd",pid=4084094,fd=3))                       
LISTEN               0                    4096                                     0.0.0.0:443                                   0.0.0.0:*                  users:(("conmon",pid=3436659,fd=6))                     
LISTEN               0                    4096                                     0.0.0.0:5355                                  0.0.0.0:*                  users:(("systemd-resolve",pid=723,fd=11))               
LISTEN               0                    4096                                     0.0.0.0:80                                    0.0.0.0:*                  users:(("conmon",pid=3436659,fd=5))                     
LISTEN               0                    4096                                  127.0.0.54:53                                    0.0.0.0:*                  users:(("systemd-resolve",pid=723,fd=19))               
LISTEN               0                    4096                               127.0.0.53%lo:53                                    0.0.0.0:*                  users:(("systemd-resolve",pid=723,fd=17))

Redacted list of containers:

$ podman container ls
CONTAINER ID  IMAGE                                        COMMAND               CREATED        STATUS                 PORTS                                     NAMES
[...]
docker.io/tootsuite/mastodon-streaming:v4.3  node ./streaming      2 months ago   Up 2 months (healthy)                                            social_streaming
docker.io/eqalpha/keydb:alpine               keydb-server /etc...  2 months ago   Up 2 months (healthy)                                            cloud_cache
localhost/podman-pause:4.4.1-1111111111                            2 months ago   Up 2 months            0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:443->443/tcp  1111111111-infra
docker.io/library/traefik:3.2                traefik               2 months ago   Up 2 months            0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:443->443/tcp  traefik
docker.io/library/nginx:1.27-alpine          nginx -g daemon o...  3 weeks ago    Up 3 weeks                                                       cloud_web
docker.io/library/nginx:1.27-alpine          nginx -g daemon o...  3 weeks ago    Up 3 weeks                                                       social_front
[...]
[–] [email protected] 1 points 2 weeks ago

Modern web services are served on port 443 over HTTPS with secure certificates, not on port 80 over HTTP.

Make sure you have a cert issued and installed for your server, that port 443 is not blocked by any firewall and that curl is explicitly connecting to https.

[–] [email protected] 1 points 2 weeks ago (2 children)

Install a reverse proxy like caddy, but on your server bare metal not container.

Also, expose port 443 not 80, and put a SSL certficate.

Can at least ping from server and from home?

[–] [email protected] 5 points 2 weeks ago (1 children)

"bare metal" does not mean "outside of a container". Just say "outside of a container".

It's a losing battle, but I'll fight it anyway.

[–] [email protected] 1 points 2 weeks ago (1 children)

What do you mean? I have only heard that phrase meaning not in a container or VM. But I am not a native speaker.

[–] [email protected] 1 points 2 weeks ago (1 children)

The distinction is between bare metal and virtual machine. Most cloud deployments will be hosted in a virtual machine, inside which you host your containers.

So the nested dolls go:

  • bare metal (directly on hardware)
  • virtual machine (inside a hypervisor)
  • container (inside Docker, podman, containers, etc.)
  • runtime (jvm, v8, clr, etc) (unless your code is in C, Rust, or other such language)
  • your code
[–] [email protected] 1 points 2 weeks ago

Thanks for the clarification. So I go on bare metal, but probably in op case was not the case.

I have a real server at home and I rent a real server (which I often incorrectly call VPS).

[–] [email protected] 1 points 2 weeks ago

There’s no indication that running caddy in a container was a problem here.