Under "/home/hpdeb", says so right under the pwd command.
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Since you're new to a Linux environment, it's unsurprising that if you're just told to enter commands, that's a difficult way to learn. Are you taking a course, or is this self-directed? With a standard $P$G Windows prompt, you know what directory you're in, so there's no need of a utility like pwd. It sounds like reading up on basic *NIX commands would be a big help here -- assuming this is coursework, your professor will be unimpressed by asking what pwd does, so the other option is to seek out resources.
A real advantage of WSL is being able to use Linux commands in a Windows terminal, so if you're not familiar with terminal commands in general, at least there's no unlearning to do. I'd do a search on YouTube for "basic Linux commands" and then look at the man pages for the utilities to see what they do, as well as explaining flags. You'll get completely different formatting from "ls" vs. "ls -l".
Is this WSL or a VM?
WSL
I'm not too familiar with WSL, but from what I understand, the files you listed here are stored in a dedicated file. This kind of file can contain other files and folders, a bit like a .zip.
As for where this main file is, or how you can see its content from Windows, I can only quote you the search result of "where are wsl files stored".