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Set up what you want on what you already have and if your workload is more than your hardware can handle then upgrade.
Overall most of what you rattled off isn't too resource heavy but 12gb of memory isnt exactly a lot and i dont know what your minecraft server will eat up.
Alternatively look up the recommended minimum specs for each of your desired applications and add up the needs.
Additionally if this isnt going to be a headless system and you want a desktop gui that consumes resources as well.
If they're using Linux, they should be fine. Most desktops don't use a ton of RAM, and there are light desktops if that's their issue.
If they're running vanilla Minecraft with a handful of friends, just hosting the server should be fine. Mods are where things get ridiculous.
I agree with starting with what you have to get learning, but I wouldn't run a Minecraft server on this machine. I'd start with everything else and then buy an old office machine to upgrade. It depends on the unit, but they are easy to upgrade basic upgrades like adding RAM, storage, and possibly a low power graphics card. Since most servers are always on, keep an eye on power consumption with a power meter.