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(Apology accepted. Sorry if I was painfully American)
The (very British) definition of "nation" you used isn't at all sensible with what the OP asked. To use meriam-Webster's definition as a guide, you meant definition 1.a.1, but there are six other listed definitions.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nation
That being said, a "nationality' (meaning the same thing you called a" nation") will inevitably arise within any soverign state (https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/state, meaning 5.a) which persists for a long enough time. The most obvious example perhaps being my own country, in which a distinct "american" /nationality arose after our civil war, although the distnct non-British nationalities of "Canadian" and "Australian" in those respective countries would also be excellent examples. (As would "british" itself.)
While we're on odd meanings of words, it's probably worth mentioning that "race" is an archaic synonym for the same idea, although that usage fell out of common usage some time after the establishment of chattel slavery based on skin color.)
Lemme explain the sensibility even when we use 1.a.1. I said the idea of a nation itself should cease to exist.
An analog would be religion. If someone asked me, "what's your religion?". I would say, "I'm non religious". I wouldn't reply by saying, "my religion is atheism".
Similarly, if someone asked me what nation I belonged to, I would say something along the lines of "technically, I'm under the jurisdiction of XYZ state, but I do not identify as a member of any nation."
I'm hoping that this becomes the majority viewpoint. That's how my answer is sensible even with 1.a.1.
And as for "will inevitably rise within any sovereign state which will persist for a long enough time", it's not true necessarily. Example being myself and so many other people (anarchists, lib socialists, even right wing libertarians). Yes, it has been true throughout history (descriptive), but I'm hoping it isn't going forward (normative).