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How do you get your ID document? Does it cost a lot to get? Does any official look at perfectly valid ID and say "I don't think that's real, so you don't get to vote"?
We have no national ID here, the closest thing to prove citizenship is a passport but people are not required to have one, and it is expensive. For most people, the only definitive proof of citizenship they have is their original birth certificate.
That is why here, in the US, when politicians push Voter ID laws it's mainly to disenfranchise poor people.
I once hard (here) that people in USA is kind of against having an ID document.
It ended up anyway giving them one of the crappiest IDs in any country: SSNs
to answer your questions: it is super cheap (~5 US dollars), fast, has many security systems, it is quickly verifyable agains government databases, it has a photo, your signature, and, if valid, nobody will question it.
It looks like a mini version of the plastic card in mdern pastports (of the size of a credit card)
The police can stop you and without probable cause ask you for your ID (and car/driving documents if in a car), check it against the national database, and give it back to you. You have to show it (required by law) and it is your responsibility (if you are over 18) to keep it with you. The intention is to catch people with pending charges or arrest orders and stuff. If you are not hiding from the law, it is a simple, civilized interaction that would take you 2~5 mins.
You know, the kind of things that you would expect from a 3rd world country, less developed than USA.
SSN isn't proof of anything except eligibility for Social Security benefits. Yes, the system is abused to cover for the lack of a national ID, but it isn't an ID.
exactly. Non-citizens can get a SSN. I had one when I lived in the US a couple decades ago and all I had was a green card. It was one of the first things I got. I was surprised when I got it cause it was literally paper. here in Canada when they used to give them out they were on a plastic card, I don't even think they even give you a card here anymore because it's more of a liability than anything to just have a plastic card with your social insurance number on it.