See title. I realized that trash collection systems sometimes differ between streets... so this is just about where you live, whether it is one specific street/building or an entire country. No need to mention exactly where if you don't feel comfortable.
For where I currently live. Government makes colored trash bags (plastics/metals, papers, organic, general waste, etc) that people can buy at local supermarkets, and these bags are required for trash collection. On collection day we just... place the bags outside of the houses/apartments. Some places buy their own trash bins too, but they are rare.
The place I live in seem to take recycling very seriously. I've heard from colleagues that putting the wrong things in a bag sometimes result in the "trash police" sending a fine to where you live. Allegedly the police do that by looking at where your last letter/Amazon/random delivery address (in your paper recycling bag) was sent to...
My understanding is that it is a surprisingly effective recycling system... but with the downside that 1) the city doesn't look particularly great on/after trash collection day, and 2) sometimes the local wildlife will rip open the trash bags
Edit: some more details regarding where I live if anyone is interested. Most people only use four colored bags that are collected per week: blue (plastic, metal, something else...), yellow (paper-based recyclables), white ("residual", essentially non-recyclable items), and orange (kitchen waste). There are also bags for garden waste and heavy waste, but they are not picked up from residential addresses. Glass is either returned to the supermarket (beer bottles) or disposed of at specific dropoff bins. Things like batteries/electronics are specific, I just take them back to the store. There are also pink bags, but they are only used by businesses
In Derbyshire, UK, we have three bins with different colour lids.
Green- domestic waste, generally bound for landfill, sometimes waste to energy. Anything can go in here but we are deterred from putting toxic material such as batteries in this bin.
Grey- recyclable material such as paper, metal and glass. Some have separate containers for glass.
Brown- garden waste. This one is optional and there is an additional £40 annual fee to use the service (the others are included in the council tax).
Appliances can be left by the roadside and a privately operated metal recycling company will eventually find these. Many scrap yards will buy cars and pay by the kg for the metal. I got about £200 for my 1996 Volvo V40 (~1400kg). Anything else can be disposed of at municipal waste processors which is free for domestic users and charged for commercial waste.