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Someone ran a modern Linux OS on a 30-year-old CPU, and it's surprisingly usable
(www.xda-developers.com)
A community for everything relating to the GNU/Linux operating system (except the memes!)
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Original icon base courtesy of lewing@isc.tamu.edu and The GIMP
Sorta modern.
There's been two big jumps in fundamental RAM usage during my time using Linux. The first was the move from libc to glibc. That tended to force at least 8MB as I recall. The second was adding Unicode support. That blew things up into the ~~gigabyte~~ hundreds of megabyte range.
Edit: basing a lot of this on memory. Gigabyte range would be difficult for an OG Raspberry Pi, but I think it was closer to 128MB. That seems more reasonable with the difficulty of implementing every written language.
We can't exactly throw out Unicode support, at least not outside of specific use cases. Hypothetically, you might be able to make architectural changes to Unicode that would take less RAM, but it would likely require renegotiating all the cross-cultural deals that went into Unicode the first time. Nobody wants to go through that again.
You can still compile a surprising number of modern programs and libraries without unicode support (that is, they provide an explicit compile flag to switch it off)—it's just that no general-purpose distro does it by default. I'm not sure you can set up an entire unicodeless system using current software versions, but I wouldn't bet against it, either. And glibc isn't the only game in town—musl is viable and modern (it's the default libc in Alpine Linux and an option for some other distros), and designed for resource-constrained environments. Those two things between them might bring down the size by considerable.
It uses kernel version 6.12. That's pretty damn modern.
But not the same standard C lib. That's probably the most important thing outside of kernelspace.