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FYI, IP access rules don't count towards the 5 custom rules limit, but the more generous 50k limit.
With fail2ban, you can setup IP access rules via the cftoken-action quite easily.
Security --> WAF --> Tools to access the IP rules in the dashboard. https://developers.cloudflare.com/waf/tools/ip-access-rules/
I have more than 50k but even that page doesn't recommend it.
Top of that page
On the fail2ban front, can I run my traffic through a f2b container and out into my app?
WAF custom rules are more flexible, of course, and from a business perspective, I can understand why they would recommend that option instead.
I currently filter on an nginx access log file among other filters (sshd, bot-search, bad-requests) and let fail2ban execute the ban/unban action itself.
From a quick search, it should be possible to handle bans/unbans externally, if that's what you're after.
No I think f2b handling it would be totally fine for me. Kids got in the way with digging around too much but will try this week.