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This 2024 study cuts off the trendline data in 2019. They give the annual rate of increase in CO2 concentration at "over 2ppm" which was the observed rate at that time.

However the rate surged, and in 2024 it was + 3.75ppm, almost doubling the speed of increase from those predictions. This is what the OP comment means by "at current rates", the paper is way off from how fast things are moving now. We will get higher CO2 much sooner than what they predicted.

The paper basically just says there is an almost linear relationship between atmosphere and blood chemistry, so if we get higher CO2 faster, the health effects will track that.

So instead of 50 years until health effects, think ~ 30 years from now.