Public Health

“In the CCP's view, China is not a capitalist country because despite the co-existence of private capitalists and entrepreneurs with public and collective enterprise, the state holds a monopoly on all land ownership and a primary ownership stake in the economy's largest and strategic enterprises, while the party retains control over the state and the direction of the country.[1] However, many scholars consider the Chinese economic model as an example of authoritarian capitalism,[14][15] state capitalism[16] or party-state capitalism”

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_market_economy#%3A%7E%3Atext=In+the+CCP%27s+view%2C+China%2Centerprises%2C+while+the+party+retains

China is capitalist, even though they pretend not to be.

China has a population of 1.5 billion people.

State capitalism is still capitalism with extra work.

The example in the article is a comparison between east and west Germany, where the east had significantly higher TFR. The author attributes it to better socialized childcare services and more egalitarian attitudes about work and motherhood.

This is a unique natural experiment which makes it difficult to incorporate comparisons with modern China. There are numerous confounding factors comparing between time, culture, and geography, when what the question really is, is whether a capitalist China would have a different TFR than a socialist one.

I would also question how socialist China really is. Things have changed a lot since the Soviet days. Chinese culture seems extraordinarily competitive to a casual observer.

China works in the context of US led western capitalism and trade war.

China has a cultural legacy of its one child family policy, only recently relaxed.