My somewhat hot take is that design patterns and SOLID are just tools created to overcome the shortcomings of bad OOP languages.
When I use Rust, I don't really think about design patterns or SOLID or anything like that. Sure, Rust has certain idiomatic patterns that are common in the ecosystem. But most of these patterns are very Rust-specific and come down to syntax rather than semantics. For instance the builder pattern, which is tbh also another tool to overcome one of Rust's shortcomings (inability to create big structs easily and flexibly).
I think you're completely correct that these things are dogma (or "circlejerking" if you prefer that term). Just be flexible and open minded in how you approach problems and try to go for the simplest solution that works. KISS and YAGNI are honestly much better principles to go by than SOLID or OOP design patterns.