Selfhosted

Its not as egregious as you think. 'Everyone' group means every Synology user account - not that everyone on the network that can talk to the NAS, they'd still need both a Synology account and Shared folder permissions. Any Synology user trying to access those files would still have to have read and write access to the Share to actually access it (eg via file explorer SMB/CIFs or app-level access to Synology File Manager, or they would need to be granted SSH access to get in via terminal, etc) in order to R/w/m the files.

I know it's a bit confusing, but it's correct. Docker often causes confusion with file permissions. There are file-level permissions (this article) and there are share-level permissions. You need both to access folders and files via mapped drives / SMB, this setting is just to ensure that Docker containers which can be running as a variety of user names (depending on how you config docker and the container) don't experience issues accessing files you're expecting them to be able to access, as Synology says, the default Docker folder permission is for the 'everyone' group to have Read-only access. This should allow most Docker containers configs to at least run and then if you run into issues writing/modifying files.. That's a clue you have missed some file permission configuration settings that need to be done, and the only reason it's running at all is because that default 'everyone' permission is saving your butt.